NMR spectroscopy for peptide structural characterisation
Follow the evidence from assigned NMR signals to distance restraints and structural models, and understand what an NMR ensemble actually represents.
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Circular dichroism and peptide secondary structure
Understand circular dichroism spectra, concentration normalisation and reference-based estimates of peptide secondary structure without overreading a fitted percentage.
Read the article →FTIR spectroscopy in peptide characterisation
Read peptide infrared spectra through band assignments, sample state and overlapping vibrations, and understand the limits of structural interpretation.
Read the article →Raman spectroscopy for peptide materials
Understand Raman shifts, fluorescence backgrounds and spatial sampling when using vibrational spectra to examine peptide materials.
Read the article →Capillary electrophoresis for peptide analysis
Interpret peptide migration in capillary zone electrophoresis through mobility, buffer conditions and electroosmotic flow rather than molecular mass alone.
Read the article →Ion-exchange chromatography of peptides
Understand cation and anion exchange, why pH and salt affect retention, and why equal net charge does not guarantee identical peptide elution.
Read the article →Size-exclusion chromatography for peptide assemblies
Interpret size-exclusion peaks through pore access, hydrodynamic size and calibration limits before assigning peptide oligomer numbers.
Read the article →Disulfide mapping in peptide identity testing
Understand how disulfide mapping establishes cysteine pairings and why counting bonds or measuring intact mass does not determine connectivity.
Read the article →Chiral analysis of peptide amino acids
Read D/L amino-acid measurements after peptide hydrolysis, including derivatisation, preparation-induced racemisation and the limits of positional information.
Read the article →Peptide mapping by enzymatic digestion
Understand how controlled enzymatic cleavage supports sequence characterisation, what sequence coverage means and why preparation artefacts matter.
Read the article →Karl Fischer testing for water in peptide materials
Understand how Karl Fischer titration measures water, how results are calculated and why sample introduction and side reactions affect interpretation.
Read the article →Loss on drying and its limits for peptide powders
Read a loss-on-drying result as a defined mass change, calculate it correctly and distinguish volatile loss from a water-specific or peptide-content assay.
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