Adducts in peptide mass spectrometry
Recognise ion associations such as sodium adducts, calculate their mass shifts correctly and separate them from evidence of a changed peptide sequence.
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Tandem mass spectrometry and peptide fragments
Understand precursor selection, b- and y-type fragment labels, sequence coverage and the limits of an annotated peptide MS/MS spectrum.
Read the article →How amino acid analysis measures peptide content
Follow the conversion from released amino acids to an estimated peptide amount, including residue counts, hydrolysis recovery and interference.
Read the article →Quantitative NMR for peptide content
Understand how integrated NMR signals can estimate peptide amount, why proton counts matter and what makes a spectrum suitable for quantification.
Read the article →Calibration curves in peptide quantification
Read a calibration model from known amounts to measured response, then assess fit, range and uncertainty before calculating an unknown peptide concentration.
Read the article →Internal standards in LC-MS quantification
Understand analyte-to-reference signal ratios, stable isotope-labelled peptide standards and which analytical steps a standard can actually track.
Read the article →External calibration in peptide assays
Understand calibration with separately prepared standards, the assumptions linking their response to samples and the checks that reveal a biased reference scale.
Read the article →Response factors and unequal detector sensitivity
Calculate amounts from substance-specific response factors, read relative-factor conventions and avoid treating raw peak proportions as a molecular mixture ratio.
Read the article →Recovery studies in peptide quantification
Understand what a recovery experiment measures, calculate net spike recovery and distinguish processing losses from altered detector response.
Read the article →Matrix effects in LC-MS peptide measurements
Understand signal suppression and enhancement, compare matrix-containing and neat responses, and keep sample loss distinct from altered ion response.
Read the article →Limit of detection and limit of quantification
Understand how low-level detection and quantification capabilities are established, why they differ and what evidence a claimed method limit needs.
Read the article →Measurement uncertainty in peptide content assays
Understand how uncertainty contributions enter a peptide-content result, how they are combined and what an expanded uncertainty does and does not mean.
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